Chateaugay Central School
High School Library
MLA
Works Cited Page and Citation Examples
MLA
citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the Modern
Language Association for acknowledging and identifying sources used in a
research paper. The Works Cited page is a list of sources used for a
particular research paper and includes a complete description of each source
used.
Preparing
the Works Cited page:
+
center the heading "Works Cited" at the top of a new page
+
do not justify the right margin
+
alphabetize the list by the last names of the authors (or editors)
+
if the work does not have an author or editor, alphabetize by the first word
of the title other than A, An or The
+
each new entry should start at the left margin, each additional line of the
same entry should be indented 5 spaces
or one-half inch + double space between each line
The
following examples are based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research
Papers, 5th ed., by Joseph
Gibaldi.
BOOKS
General
MLA citation format for Books:
Author.
Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Helpful
hints:
+
Take the title
from the title page, not the cover.
+
The author's name should be written Last name, First name M (Middle
Initial).
+
List the names in the order they appear on the title page.
+
Only the first author's name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name.
+
Use a comma between the authors' names. Place a period after the last
author's name.
+
If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al.
+
If the person
named on the title page is the editor, rather than the author, add a comma
then the abbreviation "ed."
For a compiler, use
"comp."
+ When citing two or more sources by the same
author, give the name in the first entry
only.
For the subsequent entries, type three hyphens, add a period, and skip a
space
(---. ) then give the title.
The three hyphens stand for the name(s) in the preceding entry.
+ If the book is part of a
series, the series title follows the title section and ends with a period,
but it is not
underlined.
Example:
Book with one author
Mowat,
Farley. The Farfarers: Before the Norse. South Royalton, VT:
Steerforth Press, 2000. Example:
Book with no author
Sharks.
New York: Facts on File, 1987.
Example:
Book with two or three authors
Markman, Roberta H., Peter T. Markman, and Marie Waddell. 10
Steps in Writing the Research Paper. New York: Barron's,
1982.
Example: Book with four or more authors
Holloway, Susan D., et al. Through
My Own Eyes: Single Mothers and the Cultures of Poverty. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997.
Example: Book with editor or compiler (no author)
Hoffman, Mark S., ed. World Almanac and Books of Facts 1994. New
York: Pharos Publishing, 1991.
Example: Two or more works by the same author
Updike, John. In the Beauty of the
Lilies. New York: Knopf, 1996. —. Toward the End of Time. New York: Knopf,
1997.
ENCYCLOPEDIAS and REFERENCE BOOKS
General MLA citation format for Encyclopedias and Reference
Books:
Author of Article, (if given) "Article Title." Title of Book.
Edition. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year.
Or
Author of
Article, (if given) "Article Title." Title of Book.
Editor. Total number of
volumes. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
+ When citing familiar reference books, especially those that often
appear in new
editions, it is not
necessary to include full publication information. Give the edition (if
available) and the year of
publication.
+ If articles are arranged alphabetically, you do not need to give
volume and page
numbers.
+ When citing less
familiar reference books, give full publication information, including editor and total number of volumes.
+ Use this format when citing two or more volumes of a multi-volume set.
+ Reference to specific volumes and page numbers belong in the text of
your paper (e.g.
4:149-53 means volume 4,
pages 149-153), not in the Works Cited page.
Example: Encyclopedia
Faron, Louis C. "Inca." Encyclopedia
Americana. International Edition. 1999.
"Refrigeration." The New
Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia. Ed. Donald Clarke. 28
vols. Westport: H.S. Stuttman, 1989.
Example: Reference Book
Hosick, Howard L. "Cloning."
Magill's Medical Guide. Ed. Tracy Irons-Georges. Rev. ed. 3 vols.
Pasadena: Salem Press, 1998.
PERIODICALS
General
MLA citation format for Magazines:
Author.
"Title of Article." Title of Magazine Date: Page(s).
+
Abbreviate the months (except May, June July). Give complete dates for
magazines issued every
week or every two weeks, written in this order:
Day Month Year: e.g.,
17 Oct. 2003:
+
If the article is on consecutive pages, specify the page numbers of the
entire article, e.g. 16-20. Give just the last two digits of the second
number, when possible: 166-69.
+ If the
article is not on consecutive pages — if, for example, it begins on page
37, then skips to page 40, and continues on page 52 — write only the first
page number, followed by a plus sign: 37+.
+
Do not give volume and issue numbers for magazines.
Examples:
Periodical (Magazine) articles
McCulley,
Jeff. "On the Mark." Hawaii Business Feb. 1998: 20+.
Risen,
James, and Judy L. Thomas. "Pro-life Turns Deadly." Newsweek
26 Jan. 1998: 68-69.
General
MLA citation format for Scholarly Journal Articles:
Author.
"Title of Article." Title of Journal volume.number
(Year): Page(s)
+
If the journal begins each issue on page 1, include the issue and volume
number: e.g. 21.3
means vol. 21, no. 3.
Examples:
Scholarly Journal Articles
Cooksey,
Elizabeth C. "Consequences of Young Mothers' Marital Histories for
Children's Cognitive Development." Journal of Marriage and the Family
59 (1997): 245-61.
Lenhoff,
Rosalyn, and Lynn Huber. "Young Children Make Maps!" Young
Children 55.5 (2000): 6-12.
Taubes,
Gary. "The Cell-Phone Scare." Technology Review Nov./Dec. 2000:
117-19.
General
MLA citation format for Newspaper Articles:
Author.
"Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date, edition:
Page(s).
+
If the city of publication is not part of the newspaper's name, add it in
square brackets: News and Observer [Raleigh,
NC]
+
Specify the edition of the newspaper, if one is given on the masthead.
+
If the article is not on consecutive pages, write the first page number and
a plus sign: B1+, (letters stand for sections
of newspaper, numbers are for pages.)
Example:
Newspaper Article
Kakesako,
Gregg K. "Clinton Vows to Support Alaska Bill." Honolulu
Star-Bulletin 14 Nov. 1998,
night final ed.:Al+.
ELECTRONIC
SOURCES
Helpful
hints:
+
Underline the title of a database, periodical or website; for sites without
titles, include a description such as "Home
page" (not underlined)
+
Divide an electronic address only at a logical place, such as at a slash
(/), (.) period, or (-) hyphen.
+
The world online may be written "online" or "on-line,"
either way choose one and be consistent.
+
Web addresses and e-mail addresses should be enclosed by <angle
brackets>.
+
The words "retrieved" or "access" can be used before the
access date to distinguish a retrieval date from a Publication
date
General
MLA citation format for World Wide Web Site
(Home Page):
Name
of Author (or creator). Title of Website. (If
no title is available, provide description such
as name of site plus Home Page, neither underlined nor in quotation
marks.) Name of
any institution or organization associated with the site. Access
Date <URL>.
Examples:
World Wide Web Site (Home Page)
Gesterland,
Richard. WorldBiz.com Page. Retrieved 14 May 2001 <http://www.worldbiz.com/>.
Business
Ethics Resources on WWW. Centre for Applied Ethics. Retrieved 15 Sept. 2003
<http://www.etliics.ubc.ca/resources/business/>.
General
MLA citation format for World Wide Web Site
(Secondary Page):
Name
of Author (or creator). "Title of Article or Topic." Title of
page. Name of any institution
or organization associated with the site. Access Date <URL>.
Examples:
World Wide Web Site (Secondary Page)
Anderson,
Greg. "Can the Trooper and SLX Stand Up?" Edmunds.com Retrieved 14
May 2001 <http://www. edmunds.com/edweb/anderson/rollover.html>.
Business
Ethics Resources on WWW.
Centre for Applied Ethics. Retrieved 15 Sept. 2003 <hrtp://www.ethics.ubc.ca/resources/business/.>
General
MLA citation format for Online Encyclopedia
Article:
Author.
"Title of Material Accessed." Title of Encyclopedia.
Publication information for any
print version of the source if available. Date of electronic publication,
of the latest update,
or of posting (if
known). [Search term if necessary for retrieval]. Access date <URL>.
Example:
Online Encyclopedia Article
"Stock
Market Crash of 1929." Britannica Online. Vers. 98.2. April,
1998. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 August
1999 <http://www.eb.com: 180/cgi-gin/g?DocF=micro/567/22.html>.
General
MLA citation format for Online Journal Article:
Author.
"Title of Article.." Journal Title. Volume.Issue or other
identifying number (Year
of Publication): paging information. Access date <URL>.
Example:
Online Journal Article:
Koehn,
Daryl. "The Ethics of Handwriting Analysis in Pre-Employment
Screening." The Online Journal of Ethics 1.1 (1995). Retrieved 2
June 2001 <http://condor/depaul.edu/ethics/hand.litml>.
General
MLA citation format for Online Magazine Article:
Author.
"Title of Article." Magazine Title. Date: page . Access date
<URL>.
+
for magazines published every month or two months, do not give volume and
issue numbers even if they are listed
Example:
Online Magazine Article
Murphy,
H. Lee. "Saturn's Orbit Still High With Consumers." Marketing
News Online. 31 Aug. 1998. Retrieved 1 Sept.
2001 <http://www.ama.org/pubs/mti/0818/nl.htm>.
General
MLA citation format for Online Newspaper Article:
Author.
"Title of Article." Newspaper Title. Date, edition, section:
page (if given). Database
name (if applicable). Access date <URL>.
Example:
Online Newspaper Article
Barayuga,
Debra. "Verdict in Uyesugi Trial Prompts New Stage of Grief." Star-Bulletin.com
15 June 2000, night ed.,B:42.
18 June 2000
<http://starbulletin.conV2000/06/15/news/story3.hrml>.
General
MLA citation format for an article from a Online Subscription Service,
ie., SIRS,
EBSCO etc.:
Author.
"Title of Article." Original Source of Article. Date of
Original Source: page numbers.
Name of the Database Used. Name of the Service. Library where database was
accessed. Location of Library. Date of Access <URL of service's homepage>.
Example:
Article from an online subscription service
Frick,
Robert. "Investing in Medical Miracles." Kiplinger's Personal
Finance Feb. 1999: 80-87. SIRS Researcher. SIRS
Knowledge Source. St. Petersburg Community College Library, St. Petersburg,
FL. 10 Feb. 2000 <http://www.sirs.com>.
General
MLA citation format for a Document Within an Online Database:
Author.
"Title of Material." Name of Database Name of sponsoring
institution or organization
(if relevant). Access date <URL>.
Example: Document within an Online Database
"Ben
& Jerry's Homemade, Inc." Hoover's Online. Hoover's Company
Information. Retrieved 20 Jan. 2001 <www.hoovers.com/co/capsule/3/0/,2163,12763,00.html>.
For
the
MLA
citation
format
for
all
other sources,
including
personal
interviews, television
programs, government
documents etc.,
or for answers to all
other citation
related questions,
please
consult
the MLA
Handbook for
Writers
of
Research Papers,
5th ed.,
available in
the
High
School
Library.
Sept.
2003
Rev.
22 Oct. 2003, 13 Feb. 2004
|
